Catalysts

Catalysts play a crucial role in various industrial chemical processes, enhancing reaction rates and efficiency. They enable reactions to occur under milder conditions, saving energy and reducing costs. Additionally, they often improve the selectivity of reactions, leading to higher yields of desired products.

Ammonia Synthesis

• Catalyst: Iron-based, promoted with potassium oxide (K₂O) and alumina (Al₂O₃).
• Use: Produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen via the Haber-Bosch process.

Hydrocracking

• Catalyst: Zeolites combined with metals like palladium or platinum.
• Use: Converts heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fuels like gasoline and diesel.

Hydrogenation

• Catalyst: Metals such as nickel, palladium, or platinum.
• Use: Adds hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons, used in food processing and chemical manufacturing.